Complete Sets of Electrical Equipment for Chemical Plants

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## I. Overview of Complete Sets of Electrical Equipment for Chemical Plants

Due to the特殊性 of the production environment and the complexity of the production process in chemical plants, there are strict requirements for electrical equipment. Complete sets of electrical equipment refer to the combination of various electrical components to form a complete electrical system to meet specific electrical function requirements. These equipment play a crucial role in multiple aspects of chemical plants, such as power supply, production process control, and safety protection.

## II. Main Complete Sets of Electrical Equipment

### (I) Switchgear
1. **High-voltage Switchgear**
- **Function and Structure**: It is mainly used to control and protect high-voltage electrical equipment, such as high-voltage motors and transformers. It usually includes components such as circuit breakers, isolating switches, instrument transformers, and lightning arresters. The cabinet structure generally adopts metal-enclosed armored or compartmentalized types, with a relatively high protection level, which can effectively prevent electric shock to personnel and the intrusion of foreign objects. For example, in the KYN28 - 12 high-voltage switchgear, the circuit breaker is installed on a withdrawable handcart, which is convenient for maintenance and repair.
- **Application Scenarios**: In the main step-down substations of chemical plants, the incoming power of 10kV or 35kV is distributed to the transformers or high-voltage motors in each workshop. The circuit breakers of the high-voltage switchgear are used for on-off control and short-circuit and overload protection.
2. **Low-voltage Switchgear**
- **Function and Structure**: It is used for power distribution and control of low-voltage (usually 380V/220V) electrical equipment. It contains components such as circuit breakers, contactors, thermal relays, and fuses inside. The cabinet body has various forms, such as drawer type and fixed compartment type. For the drawer-type low-voltage switchgear, such as the GCS type, each drawer is an independent functional unit. When a fault occurs in the branch circuit connected to a certain drawer, the drawer can be easily withdrawn for maintenance without affecting the normal operation of other branches.
- **Application Scenarios**: In chemical workshops, it provides power distribution and control functions for various low-voltage electrical equipment, such as pumps, agitators, and lighting equipment.

### (II) Distribution Boxes
1. **Power Distribution Boxes**
- **Function and Structure**: It mainly provides power for power equipment. It is equipped with components such as circuit breakers and contactors inside, which are used to control the start, stop, and protection of power equipment such as motors. Its shell is generally made of steel plates, which has a certain degree of protection ability.
- **Application Scenarios**: In the chemical production site, it is used to control single or multiple small power equipment, such as small chemical pumps and ventilators.
2. **Lighting Distribution Boxes**
- **Function and Structure**: It is used to control and distribute the power of lighting circuits. It is equipped with components such as miniature circuit breakers and residual current circuit breakers to ensure the safety and reliability of the lighting system. Its box structure is relatively simple and is convenient to be installed on the walls of buildings and other locations.
- **Application Scenarios**: It provides lighting control functions for the workshops, warehouses, office areas, etc. of chemical plants. At the same time, it can prevent electric shock accidents caused by lighting circuit failures.

### (III) Reactive Power Compensation Devices
1. **Low-voltage Capacitor Compensation Cabinets**
- **Function and Structure**: In the low-voltage power distribution system of chemical enterprises, there are many inductive loads (such as motors), which will lead to a decrease in the power factor. The low-voltage capacitor compensation cabinet provides reactive power by connecting capacitors in parallel to improve the power factor. It includes components such as capacitor banks, reactors, contactors, and controllers. The capacitor banks are used to store and release electric field energy, the reactors are used to suppress harmonics, and the controllers automatically control the switching on and off of the capacitors according to parameters such as the power factor.
- **Application Scenarios**: Installed in the low-voltage switchgear rooms, it performs reactive power compensation for the entire low-voltage power consumption system of the chemical plant, reduces reactive current, decreases line losses, and improves the power quality.

## III. Special Requirements for Equipment

### (I) Explosion-proof Performance
1. **Explosion-proof Principle**: Since flammable and explosive gases or dust may be generated during the chemical production process, electrical equipment must have explosion-proof performance. Explosion-proof electrical equipment has a special shell design. For example, the flameproof type (d) restricts the explosion inside the equipment to the shell and will not cause an explosion outside the shell; the increased safety type (e) increases the safety of electrical equipment to prevent the generation of ignition sources such as arcs and sparks inside.
2. **Division of Applicable Areas**: According to the division of hazardous areas in chemical plants, such as Zone 0 (an environment where explosive gas mixtures continuously or for a long time occur), Zone 1 (an environment where explosive gas mixtures may occur during normal operation), and Zone 2 (an environment where explosive gas mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation), select electrical equipment with corresponding explosion-proof grades. For example, intrinsically safe type (i) electrical equipment should be used in Zone 0.

### (II) Corrosion Resistance
1. **Causes of Corrosion**: There are various corrosive gases (such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) and liquids (such as acids and alkalis) in the chemical production environment. These substances will corrode the shells, wires, joints, and other components of electrical equipment.
2. **Protection Measures**: The shells of electrical equipment are usually made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel and fiberglass reinforced plastic. For internal components, sealing protection is adopted to prevent the intrusion of corrosive media. At the same time, protective coatings such as anti-corrosion paint are applied to the surface of the equipment to further enhance the corrosion resistance.

### (III) Reliability and Stability
1. **Redundant Design**: In order to ensure the continuity of chemical production, some key complete sets of electrical equipment adopt redundant design. For example, in the power supply system of substations, a dual-circuit power supply is set up. When one line fails, the other line can immediately take over the power supply to avoid production interruption.
2. **Quality Control**: The manufacturing process of the equipment is strictly controlled in accordance with relevant standards. From the selection and procurement of electrical components to the assembly and debugging of the cabinet body, strict inspections are carried out to ensure the reliability and stability of the equipment.

## IV. Installation and Maintenance

### (I) Installation
1. **Selection of Installation Location**: A dry, well-ventilated location away from corrosive sources and flammable and explosive sources should be selected. For equipment with explosion-proof requirements, it should be installed according to the division of explosion-proof areas to ensure that the explosion-proof performance of the equipment is not affected.
2. **Installation Steps**: First, the foundation should be processed to ensure the levelness and perpendicularity of the equipment installation. Then, according to the equipment installation instructions, install the cabinet body, connect the lines, install the electrical components, etc. in sequence. When connecting the lines, pay attention to the correctness and firmness of the wiring to avoid loose connections and short circuits.

### (II) Maintenance
1. **Daily Maintenance**: Regularly clean the equipment to remove dust and dirt on the surface. Check the appearance of the equipment to see if there are any damages, deformations, corrosions, etc. Check whether the instrument display is normal and whether the working status of the electrical components is good, such as whether the contacts of the contactors are ablated.
2. **Periodic Overhaul**: Conduct a comprehensive overhaul regularly according to the usage of the equipment. Conduct performance tests on electrical components, such as the opening and closing time and insulation resistance tests of circuit breakers. Conduct capacity tests on capacitors and check whether the inductance value of the reactors has changed. At the same time, conduct functional tests on the control system of the equipment to ensure that it can operate normally.
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