Standard Configuration of Home Distribution Boxes

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# I. Box Body
- **Material**: Generally, metal materials (such as cold-rolled steel plates) or plastic materials (such as flame-retardant PC plastics) are used. Metal boxes have high strength and good heat dissipation performance, but they may conduct electricity, so grounding needs to be properly done. Plastic boxes have good insulation performance, but their heat dissipation performance is slightly poor. The size of the box is selected according to factors such as the number of loops in the home circuit. Common specifications include 16 positions, 20 positions, 24 positions, etc. The "position" refers to the number of units in the distribution box where electrical components such as circuit breakers can be installed.
- **Installation Location**: It is usually installed on the walls of dry, ventilated places that are convenient for operation and maintenance, such as indoor corridors, stairwells, etc. The installation height is generally about 1.5 - 1.8 meters from the bottom edge to the ground, which is convenient for adults to operate and can prevent children from touching it casually.

### II. Main Switch
- **Type**: The main switch generally selects an air circuit breaker, which can automatically cut off the circuit when faults such as overload (the current exceeds the rated current for a certain period of time) and short circuit (the current increases sharply in an instant) occur in the circuit, protecting the safety of home electricity use. Common rated currents include various specifications such as 63A and 100A. For example, in an ordinary three-bedroom family, if the total power consumption is about 10 - 12kW (assuming the voltage is 220V), according to the formula Power = Voltage × Current (P = UI), the calculated current is approximately 45 - 55A. At this time, a 63A main switch can be selected.
- **Functional Characteristics**: Some main switches also have a leakage protection function. The leakage action current is generally 30mA. It can quickly cut off the power supply in case of a leakage accident, which is crucial for ensuring personal safety.

### III. Branch Circuit Switches
1. **Lighting Circuits**
- **Switch Selection**: Generally, a single-pole circuit breaker is used, and the rated current is usually 10A or 16A. Because the power of home lighting fixtures is relatively small. For example, the power of common LED lights may range from a few watts to dozens of watts. Even if multiple lights are used simultaneously, the current capacity of 10A or 16A is sufficient to meet the needs of the lighting circuit.
- **Number of Circuits**: It can be divided according to the layout of the house and the lighting areas. For ordinary residential buildings, one or two lighting circuits can basically meet the requirements. For example, a single-story house can be equipped with one lighting circuit; a multi-story house can have one lighting circuit on each floor.
2. **Socket Circuits**
- **Ordinary Socket Circuits**
- **Switch Selection**: Generally, a double-pole circuit breaker with leakage protection is selected, and the rated currents are 16A, 20A, 25A, etc. This is because various electrical devices may be connected to the sockets, including electric kettles, televisions, computers, etc. The power of these electrical appliances varies, and there is a risk of leakage. For example, the power of an electric kettle may reach about 1500 - 2000W. According to P = UI calculation, the current is approximately 6.8 - 9.1A. Considering the simultaneous use of multiple electrical appliances, it is more appropriate to select a circuit breaker with leakage protection of 16A or above.
- **Number of Circuits**: It is divided according to the number of rooms and the socket layout. It is generally recommended that each functional area such as the kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, and living room should have at least one independent socket circuit. Since there are many electrical appliances in the kitchen, such as microwave ovens, induction cookers, rice cookers, and other high-power electrical appliances, it is best to set up 2 - 3 socket circuits.
- **Air Conditioner Socket Circuits**
- **Switch Selection**: Select an appropriate circuit breaker according to the power of the air conditioner. For small-power wall-mounted air conditioners (generally with a power of about 1 - 2kW), a 16A single-pole or double-pole circuit breaker can be selected; for large-power cabinet air conditioners (generally with a power of about 2 - 5kW), a 20A - 32A double-pole circuit breaker needs to be selected.
- **Number of Circuits**: It is best to set up a separate circuit for each air conditioner. This can avoid the impact of the air conditioner's startup on other electrical appliances. At the same time, when the air conditioner fails, it will not affect the normal use of other circuits.
3. **Other Special Circuits**
- **Water Heater Circuit**: The power of the water heater is relatively large, generally about 1500 - 3000W, and a separate circuit needs to be set up. A double-pole circuit breaker with leakage protection and a rated current of 16A - 25A can be selected.
- **Charging Pile Circuit (if there is an electric vehicle)**: This is a circuit set up for charging electric vehicles. Select an appropriate circuit breaker according to the power of the charging pile. For example, for a 7kW charging pile, the current is approximately 32A. A circuit breaker with a rated current of not less than 32A needs to be selected, and it is necessary to ensure that the line can withstand the corresponding current load. This circuit should also have a leakage protection function.

### IV. Accessories
- **Busbars**: They are used to connect the incoming or outgoing terminals of each circuit breaker, making the wiring more tidy and convenient. There are various materials such as copper and aluminum. Copper busbars have good electrical conductivity and more stable performance.
- **Terminal Blocks**: They are used to connect wires, making it convenient to access and lead out wires, and ensuring a firm connection of the circuit. Their specifications are selected according to the cross-sectional area of the wires. For example, for wires with different cross-sectional areas such as 2.5 square millimeters and 4 square millimeters, corresponding terminal blocks should be used.
- **Surge Protectors (Optional)**: They can protect home electrical appliances from lightning strikes or power grid surges. Installing a surge protector in the distribution box can divert the surge current into the ground, protecting the safety of electrical equipment. Especially in areas with frequent lightning strikes or areas near large power equipment, it is necessary to install a surge protector.

The specific configuration of the home distribution box can be appropriately adjusted according to factors such as the actual electricity consumption of the family, the number of electrical appliances, and their power, to ensure the safety and convenience of home electricity use.
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