What information is needed for customizing high-voltage switchgear?

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When customizing high-voltage switchgear, the following types of information are usually required:

### I. Basic Technical Parameters
1. **Rated Voltage**
- This is a key parameter in the design of switchgear. For example, common ones are 10kV, 35kV, etc. The accurate rated voltage determines many key indicators such as the insulation performance of the switchgear. For example, for a 10kV switchgear, the design and selection of insulation components such as insulators and busbars inside are considered based on this voltage level to ensure that it can work safely and reliably under normal operation and specified overvoltage conditions.
2. **Rated Current**
- It represents the maximum current that the switchgear can carry for a long time. For example, according to the needs of user loads, switchgear with different rated current specifications such as 1250A and 3150A may need to be customized. If the power of the user's electrical equipment is large and the operating current is high, it is necessary to select switchgear with an appropriate rated current to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to overload.
3. **Short-Circuit Breaking Current**
- This parameter is crucial to the performance of the switchgear in the event of a short-circuit fault. The magnitude of the short-circuit breaking current determines the arc extinguishing ability of the breaking elements such as circuit breakers in the switchgear. For example, in a power system where the short-circuit current may reach 31.5kA, the short-circuit breaking current of the switchgear needs to be at least 31.5kA to ensure that the fault current can be quickly and effectively cut off in the event of a short-circuit fault and protect other equipment in the power system.
4. **Protection Level**
- The protection level is generally represented by IP (Ingress Protection) followed by two numbers, such as IP4X, IP54, etc. The first number indicates the dust protection level, and the second number indicates the water protection level. For example, IP4X means that it can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 1mm from entering. For switchgear installed in industrial environments with a lot of dust, the requirements for the protection level are relatively high to prevent dust from entering the switchgear and affecting the normal operation of electrical equipment.

### II. Requirements for Cabinet Structure
1. **Overall Dimensions**
- These include the height, width, and depth of the switchgear. These dimensions need to be determined according to the space at the installation site. For example, if the switchgear is installed in a small distribution room, it is necessary to accurately measure the available space on site and customize switchgear with appropriate overall dimensions to ensure that it can be installed smoothly and is convenient for operation and maintenance.
2. **Installation Method**
- There are installation methods such as installation against the wall and installation away from the wall. Installation away from the wall is convenient for maintenance and ventilation on the back of the cabinet, while installation against the wall may save more space. Users need to select an appropriate installation method according to the layout of the distribution room and actual needs and inform the switchgear manufacturer when customizing.
3. **Cabinet Material**
- Generally, materials such as cold-rolled steel plates and stainless steel are available for selection. The cost of switchgear made of cold-rolled steel plates is relatively low, while stainless steel switchgear has better corrosion resistance and is suitable for use in humid environments with corrosive gases. For example, in environments such as seaside areas or chemical enterprises, using stainless steel switchgear can effectively extend the service life of the switchgear.
4. **Color Requirements**
- Users can specify the color of the switchgear according to the standard color of the enterprise or the overall color tone of the site environment. Although this has no direct impact on the performance of the switchgear, it has a certain effect on aspects such as overall aesthetics and corporate image.

### III. Configuration of Primary Electrical Components
1. **Circuit Breaker Model and Parameters**
- It is necessary to determine the brand and model of the circuit breaker, such as ABB's VD4, Schneider's HVX, etc., and clearly define parameters such as its rated current and short-circuit breaking current. The circuit breaker is one of the core components of high-voltage switchgear, and its performance directly affects the breaking ability and protection function of the switchgear.
2. **Isolation Switch and Earthing Switch Requirements**
- These include their models and operation methods (manual, electric, etc.). The isolation switch is used to isolate the power source to ensure the safety of maintenance. The earthing switch is used to ground the equipment during maintenance to ensure the safety of personnel. For example, in some occasions where high requirements for operation convenience are imposed, electrically operated isolation switches and earthing switches can be selected.
3. **Busbar Specifications**
- It is necessary to clarify the material of the busbar (such as copper, aluminum), the cross-sectional shape (rectangular, circular, etc.), and the cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional area of the busbar determines its current-carrying capacity, and the material and cross-sectional shape affect its electrical conductivity and heat dissipation performance, etc. For example, copper busbars have good electrical conductivity but relatively high costs. Rectangular busbars are convenient for installation and connection, while circular busbars may have better performance in certain magnetic field environments.
4. **Parameters of Current Transformers and Voltage Transformers**
- These include transformation ratios, accuracy grades, etc. Current transformers are used to measure current, and voltage transformers are used to measure voltage. Their accuracy grades are very important for the accuracy of metering and protection in the power system. For example, in occasions requiring high-precision metering, it is necessary to select transformers with higher accuracy grades.

### IV. Requirements for Secondary Control and Protection
1. **Control Method**
- There are local control, remote control, or both. Local control means operating on the spot of the switchgear, while remote control means operating through remote devices such as the control center. For example, in substations with a relatively high degree of automation, switchgear is usually required to have a remote control function to facilitate remote monitoring and operation.
2. **Protection Function Requirements**
- Such as overcurrent protection, instantaneous trip protection, zero-sequence protection, etc. These protection functions can ensure that the switchgear can act in a timely manner when a fault occurs in the power system to protect the safety of equipment and personnel. Users need to customize the protection functions of the switchgear according to the actual operation situation and protection requirements of the power system.
3. **Secondary Circuit Wiring Diagram**
- A detailed secondary circuit wiring diagram is essential information for customizing switchgear. It stipulates the connection methods among various secondary components such as control, protection, and measurement inside the switchgear, including the connection relationships of relays, contactors, buttons, etc., so that the switchgear manufacturer can accurately carry out wiring and debugging.

### V. Environmental Conditions
1. **Operating Environment Temperature and Humidity Range**
- For example, some switchgear may need to work normally within a temperature range of -20℃ - 40℃, and the humidity range may be 5% - 95% (without condensation). These environmental conditions will affect the performance and service life of the electrical components inside the switchgear. In a low-temperature environment, it may be necessary to take heating measures for the switchgear to prevent the performance degradation of electrical components.
2. **Altitude**
- As the altitude increases, the air density decreases, and the external insulation performance of electrical equipment will be affected. For switchgear used in high-altitude areas (generally with an altitude exceeding 1000m), it is necessary to consider insulation strengthening measures, such as increasing the creepage distance of insulators.
3. **Whether There Are Special Environmental Factors**
- Such as whether there are corrosive gases (such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, etc.), flammable and explosive gases (such as hydrogen, methane, etc.), frequent vibrations, etc. If there are corrosive gases, corresponding anti-corrosion measures need to be taken for the switchgear. If there are flammable and explosive gases, the switchgear may need to have an explosion-proof function.

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