The working principle of the surge protector in the power distribution cabinet
The working principle of the surge protector in the power distribution cabinet is to detect the voltage changes in
the circuit, respond quickly when a surge voltage occurs, and direct the surge energy to the ground to protect the
electrical equipment from damage. The specific process is as follows:
- **Detection**: The surge protector monitors the voltage in the electrical system in real time. When there is a sudden
increase in voltage in the circuit, it will determine that there is a surge voltage.
- **Triggering**: Once an overvoltage surge is detected, the surge protector is triggered immediately, conducting the
circuit so that the surge current can pass through quickly.
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- **Current Shunting**: Using its own inductance, capacitance, and nonlinear components, etc., the surge current is
guided to the ground, thereby reducing the impact of the surge current on the equipment. For example, the varistor
in the voltage-limiting surge protector is in a high-resistance state under normal voltage. When the voltage exceeds
its rated value, the impedance drops rapidly and absorbs the surge current. The gas discharge tube in the switch-type
surge protector has an extremely high impedance under normal conditions. When the surge voltage reaches its breakdown
voltage, the internal gas ionizes to form a conductive channel, quickly shunting the overvoltage.
- **Recovery**: When the overvoltage disappears or weakens to a safe range, the surge protector will automatically
return to its normal working state and wait for the next trigger.
In general, the surge protector protects the power distribution cabinet and the electrical equipment inside from being
damaged by impacts by limiting the instantaneous overvoltage that invades the power line within the voltage range
that the equipment or system can withstand, or by discharging the powerful lightning current into the ground.
