How to select the material of the cabinet body of the incoming line cabinet?
When selecting the material of the cabinet body of the incoming line cabinet, factors such as **electrical
performance, mechanical strength, protection level, environmental adaptability, and cost** need to be
comprehensively considered. The following are the characteristics of common materials and selection
suggestions:
### I. Common Cabinet Body Materials and Their Characteristics
#### 1. Cold-Rolled Steel Plate (SPCC)
- **Advantages**:
- Low cost, easy to process and form, suitable for complex structures (such as punching and bending).
- The surface can be sprayed or galvanized, with good anti-corrosion performance (the service life in
an indoor environment is more than 10 years).
- High mechanical strength (strong load-bearing capacity when the thickness is 1.5-2.0mm).
- **Disadvantages**:
- Prone to rust when not treated, not suitable for high-humidity or corrosive environments.
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Conventional indoor environments** (such as power distribution rooms and
computer rooms), with a protection level of IP30-IP40.
#### 2. Stainless Steel (304/316)
- **Advantages**:
- **Extremely strong corrosion resistance** (resistant to acids, alkalis, and salt spray), suitable for outdoor
or chemical environments.
- No need for surface treatment, beautiful, durable, and good grounding performance.
- High strength and strong impact resistance.
- **Disadvantages**:
- High cost (about 3-5 times that of cold-rolled plates), and heavy weight.
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Outdoor, humid or corrosive environments** (such as coastal areas and chemical
plants), with a protection level of IP54-IP65.
#### 3. Aluminum Alloy
- **Advantages**:
- Lightweight and high-strength, with a weight only one-third of that of steel, making it easy to install
and transport.
- Good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance (surface oxidation treatment is required), suitable for
scenarios sensitive to weight.
- **Disadvantages**:
- The mechanical strength is lower than that of steel, not suitable for heavy equipment or environments
with strong vibrations.
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Small equipment, mobile power distribution cabinets, or scenarios with weight
requirements**.
#### 4. Galvalume Steel Plate
- **Advantages**:
- The corrosion resistance is better than that of cold-rolled plates (the coating contains 55% aluminum and
43.4% zinc), with high cost performance.
- Weldable, easy to process, suitable for complex structures.
- **Disadvantages**:
- General high-temperature resistance (≤150°C), and there are many restrictions on surface treatment.
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Semi-outdoor or humid environments** (such as underground garages and
temporary power distribution points).
#### 5. SMC Composite Material
- **Advantages**:
- **Excellent insulation performance** (non-conductive), fireproof and flame-retardant (flame-retardant
grade V-0), and corrosion-resistant.
- Lightweight, anti-aging (service life of more than 20 years), suitable for special environments.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Low strength, unable to directly install heavy components (a steel frame needs to be added inside).
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Environments requiring insulation** (such as mines and explosive places) or
**small outdoor power distribution cabinets**.
#### 6. Hot-Rolled Steel Plate (SHCC)
- **Advantages**:
- Large thickness (≥3.0mm), strong load-bearing capacity, suitable for large cabinets.
- Low cost, suitable for flat structures.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Rough surface, difficult to process complex shapes, and prone to rust.
- **Applicable Scenarios**: **Large cabinet frames that are not exposed** (corrosion prevention treatment
is required).
### II. Key Principles for Selection
1. **Environment Priority**:
- **Dry indoor environment**: Cold-rolled steel plate (sprayed plastic), economical and practical.
- **Outdoor/humid environment**: Stainless steel (304) or SMC composite material, anti-corrosion.
- **Corrosive gas environment**: 316 stainless steel or aluminum alloy (surface oxidation treatment).
2. **Matching of Protection Levels**:
- IP30-IP40 (indoor): Cold-rolled plate or galvalume steel plate.
- IP54-IP65 (outdoor): Stainless steel or SMC composite material.
3. **Electrical Safety**:
- For cabinets that need to be grounded: Give priority to metal materials (such as cold-rolled plates and
stainless steel) to ensure the continuity of grounding.
- For insulation requirements: Select SMC composite material to avoid the risk of electric leakage.
4. **Cost Control**:
- Limited budget: Cold-rolled plate (accounting for more than 80% of the market).
- High-end projects: Stainless steel or aluminum alloy, taking into account both performance and
appearance.
### III. Recommendations for Typical Scenarios
### IV. Precautions
1. **Matching of Materials and Components**:
- The metal cabinet body needs to be reliably connected to the grounding system (grounding resistance
≤4Ω), and the non-metal cabinet body needs to have a built-in grounding copper busbar.
2. **Surface Treatment**:
- Cold-rolled plates/hot-rolled plates need to be sprayed with epoxy resin or galvanized, and the salt spray
test ≥720 hours (outdoor).
3. **Thickness Requirements**:
- The thickness of the main frame ≥2.0mm, and the thickness of the door panel ≥1.5mm to ensure structural
stability.
Through the above analysis, the most suitable cabinet body material can be selected according to specific
needs, balancing safety, durability, and economy.