how power is distributed in mexico

In Mexico, power distribution is a complex process mainly carried out by the state - owned Federal 

Electricity Commission (CFE). Here is a detailed introduction:

- **Power Generation**: In 2022, Mexico's power generation was 334.5 billion kWh. The power generation 

structure is dominated by traditional energy sources, which account for about 80%. Natural gas - fired power

 generation is the main source of power supply, accounting for 54.8% in 2022. In recent years, renewable

 energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic power have developed rapidly. The compound annual growth 

rate (CAGR) of wind and photovoltaic power generation from 2010 to 2022 reached 26.21% and 64% respectively.

- **Power Transmission**: Mexico's National Power System (SEN) is one of the largest in the Western Hemisphere,

 consisting of nine regions and a binational electricity system in Baja California. Most of the nine regions are

 interconnected to form the National Interconnected System (SIN). The Baja California system operates in the 

western interconnection of the United States and is overseen by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council 

(WECC). The CFE is responsible for operating the national grid, which includes 150 - 400 kV transmission lines 

with a total length of 32,200 km and 6.6 - 138 kV secondary transmission and distribution lines with a total length 

of 541,672 km.

- **Power Distribution**: Power distribution in Mexico is a public service provided by CFE Distribución, a subsidiary

 of CFE. Although power transmission and distribution activities are state - owned, the state can enter into agreements

 with private parties to finance, install, operate, maintain, and expand the infrastructure. The Mexican government

 has recently launched the "2025 - 2030 Plan for Strengthening and Expanding the National Power System", which

 allocates $3.6 billion for the electrification of communities not yet connected to the grid, aiming to achieve a 99.99% 

power coverage in Mexico by 2030.

- **Market Regulation**: According to Mexico's constitution and the Electricity Industry Law, the transmission and 

distribution segments of the power industry are state - owned, while the generation, commercialization, and supply

 segments are in theory fully liberalized, with a combination of state and private participation. The Energy Regulatory

 Commission (CRE) is responsible for regulating the power industry, including approving the transfer of power 

generation and commercialization permits and overseeing the operation of the wholesale electricity market. The 

electricity system operator, Centro Nacional de Control de Energía (CENACE), is responsible for operating the

 wholesale electricity market and ensuring the balance of power supply and demand.