Types of solenoid valves

Solenoid valves are automated components that control the flow of fluids on and off through electromagnetic force, and are widely used in fields such as industrial automation, household appliances, and medical equipment. According to different classification criteria, solenoid valves can be divided into various types. The following are common classifications and their introductions:

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### 1. Classification by Working Principle
#### (1) Direct - acting Solenoid Valve
- **Working Principle**: After the electromagnetic coil is energized, it directly drives the valve core to move, controlling the on - off of the fluid.
- **Features**:
- Simple structure and fast response speed.
- Suitable for small - diameter and low - pressure applications.
- Can work without medium pressure.
- **Applications**: Small - scale pneumatic systems, household appliances, etc.

#### (2) Pilot - operated Solenoid Valve
- **Working Principle**: It uses the medium pressure to drive the main valve core to move, and the electromagnetic coil controls the pilot valve.
- **Features**:
- Suitable for large - diameter and high - pressure applications.
- Requires a certain amount of medium pressure to work.
- Low power consumption and large control force.
- **Applications**: Industrial hydraulic systems, high - pressure gas control, etc.

#### (3) Step - by - step Direct - acting Solenoid Valve
- **Working Principle**: Combining the characteristics of direct - acting and pilot - operated types, the electromagnetic force first opens the pilot hole, and then uses the medium pressure to open the main valve.
- **Features**:
- Can work under zero pressure difference, with a wide range of applications.
- Relatively fast response speed and low power consumption.
- **Applications**: Medium - and low - pressure gas and liquid control systems.

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### 2. Classification by Valve Body Structure
#### (1) 2 - way 2 - position Solenoid Valve
- **Function**: Controls the on - off (open/close) of the fluid.
- **Features**:
- Simple structure and wide application.
- Usually normally closed (closed when power is off) or normally open (open when power is off).
- **Applications**: Water treatment, pneumatic control, etc.

#### (2) 2 - way 3 - position Solenoid Valve
- **Function**: Controls the switching of the fluid between two outlets.
- **Features**:
- Can achieve the fluid reversing function.
- Commonly used in the control of double - acting cylinders.
- **Applications**: Automated equipment, hydraulic systems, etc.

#### (3) 2 - way 4 - position Solenoid Valve
- **Function**: Controls the switching of the fluid among multiple outlets.
- **Features**:
- Can achieve complex fluid control.
- Commonly used in multi - cylinder control systems.
- **Applications**: Construction machinery, hydraulic systems, etc.

#### (4) 3 - way 4 - position Solenoid Valve
- **Function**: In addition to the switching function, it also has an intermediate position (neutral function).
- **Features**:
- Can achieve fluid stop, reversing, and neutral unloading.
- Suitable for systems that require intermediate position control.
- **Applications**: Hydraulic systems, construction machinery, etc.

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### 3. Classification by Medium Type
#### (1) Liquid Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Suitable for liquid media such as water and oil.
- The sealing material needs to be corrosion - resistant.
- **Applications**: Water treatment, hydraulic systems, etc.

#### (2) Gas Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Suitable for gas media such as air and natural gas.
- Fast response speed and high sealing requirements.
- **Applications**: Pneumatic systems, gas control, etc.

#### (3) Steam Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- High - temperature and high - pressure resistant, and the sealing material needs to be heat - resistant.
- **Applications**: Steam boilers, drying equipment, etc.

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### 4. Classification by Power Supply Type
#### (1) AC Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Common voltages are AC 220V, AC 110V, etc.
- Large starting force, but relatively high noise.
- **Applications**: Industrial automation, household appliances, etc.

#### (2) DC Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Common voltages are DC 24V, DC 12V, etc.
- Low noise, low power consumption, but relatively small starting force.
- **Applications**: Automobiles, medical equipment, etc.

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### 5. Classification by Sealing Material
#### (1) Rubber - sealed Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Good corrosion resistance, suitable for general media.
- Limited temperature - resistance performance.
- **Applications**: Water treatment, low - pressure gas control, etc.

#### (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - sealed Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- High - temperature and corrosion - resistant, suitable for strong acid and strong alkali media.
- **Applications**: Chemical, pharmaceutical industries, etc.

#### (3) Metal - sealed Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- High - temperature and high - pressure resistant, suitable for high - temperature and high - pressure media.
- **Applications**: Steam systems, high - pressure gas control, etc.

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### 6. Classification by Special Function
#### (1) Explosion - proof Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Suitable for flammable and explosive environments.
- Complies with explosion - proof standards (such as Ex d II BT4).
- **Applications**: Oil, chemical and other hazardous sites.

#### (2) High - temperature Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- High - temperature - resistant design, suitable for high - temperature media.
- **Applications**: Steam systems, high - temperature liquid control, etc.

#### (3) Low - temperature Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- Low - temperature - resistant design, suitable for low - temperature media.
- **Applications**: Refrigeration systems, liquefied gas control, etc.

#### (4) Waterproof Solenoid Valve
- **Features**:
- High protection level (such as IP67), suitable for humid environments.
- **Applications**: Outdoor equipment, water treatment systems, etc.

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### Summary
There are a wide variety of solenoid valves. When choosing, the following factors need to be considered according to the specific application scenarios:
- **Medium type** (liquid, gas, steam, etc.).
- **Working pressure** and **temperature**.
- **Power supply type** (AC or DC).
- **Functional requirements** (on - off, reversing, explosion - proof, etc.).
- **Installation environment** (moisture - proof, explosion - proof, etc.).

Correct selection and use of solenoid valves can ensure the stable operation of the system and extend the service life of the equipment.
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