High-voltage switchgear for community power supply

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In community power supply, high-voltage switchgear plays a crucial role.

1. **Definition and Basic Functions**
- High-voltage switchgear is a combination of equipment used to control, protect and isolate high-voltage circuits. It can operate the circuits under normal and faulty conditions. In the community power supply system, it is mainly used to connect or disconnect the high-voltage power source to ensure the safe transmission and distribution of electricity. For example, when the community needs to carry out maintenance on electrical equipment, the power supply to specific areas can be cut off through the high-voltage switchgear to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel.
- It can also quickly cut off the circuit when a fault (such as a short circuit, overload, etc.) occurs in the circuit, prevent the fault from expanding, and protect the power equipment and users' electrical equipment from being damaged.

2. **Main Components**
- **Circuit-Breaker**
- This is one of the core components of high-voltage switchgear. The circuit-breaker can cut off the current in the circuit under normal and faulty conditions. It can act rapidly when a short-circuit current occurs and usually disconnect the circuit within a few milliseconds to dozens of milliseconds. For example, when a short circuit occurs in the community power supply line due to a lightning strike, the circuit-breaker will immediately cut off the circuit to avoid serious damage to the power system. The arc extinguishing ability of the circuit-breaker is its key performance indicator, and the arc is extinguished through the arc extinguishing chamber so that the circuit can be safely disconnected.
- **Disconnector**
- The disconnector is mainly used to isolate the power source and ensure the safety of maintenance. Its function is to provide an obvious disconnection point when the circuit is de-energized so that maintenance personnel can visually see that the circuit has been cut off. In the community power supply system, when it is necessary to carry out maintenance on equipment such as transformers, the equipment should first be isolated from the power source through the disconnector to prevent accidental power transmission. However, the disconnector cannot be operated with a load, otherwise an arc will be generated, causing a safety accident.
- **Load-Switch**
- The load-switch can connect or disconnect the load current under normal conditions. Its operation is relatively simple and it is often used in some occasions where the requirement for cutting off the short-circuit current is not high. In the branch lines of community power supply, if only the normal load current needs to be controlled, the load-switch can play its role. Compared with the circuit-breaker, the short-circuit protection ability of the load-switch is weaker, but its cost is lower.
- **Fuse**
- The fuse is a simple and effective short-circuit protection element. There is one or more fusible elements inside it. When the current in the circuit exceeds the rated value, the fusible element will melt and thus cut off the circuit. In community power supply, the fuse can be used as a supplementary protection for the circuit-breaker, especially in some small branch lines or in occasions where cost is sensitive. For example, in the street lamp lines of some communities, the fuse can prevent the short circuit of the street lamp lines from affecting the entire power supply system.

3. **Working Voltage Levels**
- The working voltage levels of the high-voltage switchgear commonly used in community power supply are generally between 10 kV and 35 kV. The 10 kV voltage level is more common and it can meet the power supply needs of most small and medium-sized communities. For some large communities or cases where the power supply distance is relatively long, 35 kV high-voltage switchgear may be adopted to reduce line losses.

4. **Installation and Maintenance Requirements**
- **Installation Requirements**
- High-voltage switchgear should be installed in a dry and well-ventilated indoor environment to prevent the equipment from getting damp and overheating. For example, in the community substations, it is necessary to ensure that the room where the switchgear is located has an appropriate ventilation system and dehumidification equipment. The installation foundation of the equipment should be firm to bear the weight of the equipment and the vibration generated during operation. Meanwhile, the installation process should be carried out strictly in accordance with the electrical safety regulations to ensure that the phase-to-phase distance, the distance to the ground and other aspects meet the safety standards and avoid accidents such as phase-to-phase short circuits or ground discharges.
- **Maintenance Requirements**
- Regularly check the appearance of the equipment to see if there is any damage, corrosion or foreign matter attached. For key components such as circuit-breakers, check their mechanical properties, such as the opening and closing speed, the flexibility of the operating mechanism, etc. Meanwhile, regularly conduct electrical tests, including insulation resistance tests, withstand voltage tests, etc., to ensure that the electrical performance of the equipment is good. For example, the insulation resistance test can detect whether the insulation of the equipment is aged or damp, and the withstand voltage test can check whether the equipment can work normally under high voltage. Maintenance personnel need to have professional electrical knowledge and skills and operate strictly in accordance with the maintenance manual.

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